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Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean
The Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) study was a National Science Foundation-funded research project designed to quantify the heat transfer processes that occur between the ocean and the atmosphere over the course of a year in the Arctic Ocean, where the sun is above the horizon from spring through summer and below the horizon the rest of the time. The study was designed to provide data for use in global climate models, which scientists use to study global climate change.〔
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==Background==
Ice reflects sunlight more readily than open water. Snow-covered sea ice reflects about 80% of the incident sunlight. Seasonal changes in the Arctic result in clear skies and radiational cooling from snow-covered sea ice in the constantly dark arctic winter. In spring, with the return of sunlight, melt pools begin to form and increase the rate of heat absorption from the sun. In the summer, during constant daylight, clouds form which reflect light to the sky, but impede heat flow from the ocean. In order to quantify these effects over a large portion of earth's area—the Arctic Ocean—required a large-scale scientific data-gathering and analysis effort over the span of a year.〔 Consequently, the National Science Foundation, together with other sponsors,〔Primary sponsorship came from the NSF Arctic System Science Program, under grants from the Office of Polar Programs (Division of Ocean Sciences and Division of Atmospheric Sciences), with additional support from the Office of Naval Research and the Japan Marine Science and Technology Center.〕 funded a study to better quantify these processes.〔
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抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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